A TIA Is Your Stroke Warning
Find out how a TIA is different from a stroke, and what having a TIA could mean for your future health.
Mini-stroke. Little stroke. Pre-stroke. Warning stroke. These are all terms used to describe a transient ischemic attack, or TIA, which causes the symptoms — but not the damage — of a stroke.
No matter what you call it, a TIA is a big red warning flag that indicates you are at major risk for a more serious stroke.
TIA and Stroke: What Happens
A TIA, like an ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot blocking an artery and preventing blood flow to an area of the brain. The blockage during a TIA is only temporary, usually causing symptoms for no more than five minutes, and typically for only around a minute, although they may sometimes last longer.
Because blood flow to the brain is restored after the TIA, no damage is done, and the person having a TIA doesn't suffer any lasting side effects. During a stroke, the blood supply to the brain is cut off for a significant period of time, causing damage to brain cells and a number of complications and side effects.
TIA and Stroke: Understand The Connection
Not everyone who has a stroke will have a TIA to warn them beforehand. And not everyone who has a TIA will go on to have a stroke, but many will. More than one-third of those who have at least one TIA will have a stroke.
A TIA can't predict when a stroke will occur, however; it only serves as a warning flag of your increased risk of a stroke. But that doesn't mean that a TIA doesn't require medical attention and transient ischemic attack. A stroke can occur any time after a TIA but most often will strike within a year.
TIA and Stroke: Risk Factors
The risk factors for a TIA are similar to those of a stroke and include:
High blood pressure and high cholesterol
Heart disease, atherosclerosis (clogging or hardening of the arteries), diabetes, sickle cell anemia, sleep apnea, migraine, and artery diseases
Poor nutrition, lack of exercise, obesity, alcohol abuse, and cigarette smoking
Family history of stroke or TIA
Being older than age 55
Being African-American
People who have these risk factors should make lifestyle changes that can reduce the risks that can be controlled and also improve overall health, thus lowering your risk of TIA.
TIA and Stroke: Symptoms and Warning Signs
The symptoms and warning signs that you're having a TIA are similar to those of a stroke, but remember that a TIA doesn't last as long and doesn't leave lasting effects. To spot a TIA, look for:
Speech problems, slurred speech, or difficulty speaking or comprehending
Paralysis and weakness, which may occur in a leg or arm or in the face, usually on one side of the body
Vision problems, such as double vision or loss of vision (may be in one eye or both)
Balance problems, including losing your balance, difficulty walking, and losing coordination
Headache, which is usually severe and with no known cause
If you have any of these warning signs — even if they go away after just a few minutes — it's likely a TIA. As with symptoms of a possible stroke, you should seek immediate medical evaluation if you notice symptoms of a possible TIA because you never know how far behind a stroke may be. If you spot and treat a TIA early, you can reduce your risk of having a more serious stroke that could cause significant damage.
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